When calculating the R-value of a multilayered installation, add the R-values of the individual layers. The R-value of most insulations also depends on temperature, aging, and moisture accumulation. The R-value depends on the type of insulation, its thickness, and its density. Properly insulating your home will decrease this heat flow by providing an effective resistance to the flow of heat.Īn insulating material’s resistance to conductive heat flow is measured or rated in terms of its thermal resistance or R-value - the higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. To maintain comfort, the heat lost in the winter must be replaced by your heating system and the heat gained in the summer must be removed by your cooling system.
During the cooling season, heat flows from the outdoors to the interior of a house. Heat flow can also move indirectly through interior ceilings, walls, and floors-wherever there is a difference in temperature. In your home, this means that in winter, heat flows directly from all heated living spaces to adjacent unheated attics, garages, basements, and especially to the outdoors. Regardless of the mechanism, heat flows from warmer to cooler areas until there is no longer a temperature difference. To be effective, the reflective surface must be in contact with an air space. Radiant barriers and reflective insulation systems work by reducing radiant heat gain. Most common insulation materials work by slowing conductive heat flow and convective heat flow. Radiant heat travels in a straight line and heats anything solid in its path that absorbs its energy. Convection is the way heat circulates through liquids and gases, and is why lighter, warmer air rises, and cooler, denser air sinks in your home. Conduction is the way heat moves through materials, such as when a spoon placed in a hot cup of coffee conducts heat through its handle to your hand. To understand how insulation works it helps to understand heat flow, which involves three basic mechanisms - conduction, convection, and radiation.
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